{"id":250697,"date":"2021-08-20T16:46:58","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T21:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liveaction.org\/news\/?p=250697"},"modified":"2021-09-21T16:43:04","modified_gmt":"2021-09-21T21:43:04","slug":"legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal experts say viability rule in abortion law was a political decision, not a science-based one"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

The Supreme Court has acknowledged that a “fetus is a\u00a0living organism while within the womb before and after viability,” argues\u00a0Mississippi Attorney General Lynn Fitch in her recently submitted\u00a0brief<\/a>\u00a0in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization<\/em> case. Therefore, the AG writes,\u00a0“A viability rule has no constitutional basis, it harms state interests, and it produces other severe negative consequences.”<\/p>\n

The Dobbs<\/em> case centers around a Mississippi abortion law which prohibits abortion after 15 weeks gestation and is soon to be heard by the United States Supreme Court based upon the question, “Under the Constitution, may a State prohibit elective abortions before viability?”<\/p>\n

\"Image:

Previable Baby Olivia at 15 weeks (Image credit Live Action)<\/p><\/div>\n

It would appear that since the preborn child\u00a0continues growing in the womb from week to week, she would therefore be considered a viable baby.\u00a0Yet,\u00a0according to author and legal scholar Clarke Forsythe in his book, “Abuse of Discretion,” Justice Harry Blackmun’s opinion in Roe v. Wade<\/em>, which legalized abortion throughout the nation, defined “viability” as “the ability for the unborn child to survive outside<\/em> the mother\u2019s womb.” (emphasis added)<\/p>\n

In 2014, Samuel W. Calhoune, a Professor of Law at Washington and Lee University School of Law, claimed<\/a> that \u201cat the time of Roe, almost all the states still afforded legal protection to pre-viable fetuses…”<\/p>\n

“The continuing discord over viability… highlights an issue that remains unsettled… after Roe: Why a state may protect the life of a fetus after it reaches viability, but not before,” observed<\/a>\u00a0University of Georgia School of Law Professor Randy Beck back in 2009.<\/p>\n

Beck criticized<\/a> the Court for failing \u201cto offer any constitutional principle connecting state regulatory power and the value of developing fetal life that\u2014when combined with the Court\u2019s definition of viability\u2014would entail the conclusion that the state\u00a0can only prohibit abortion of a viable fetus.\u201d<\/p>\n

“If the Court wants to tie constitutional status to a biological criterion that generates morally random outcomes, it should offer a principled basis for the rule that produces these results,” Beck wrote.<\/p>\n

But it did not \u2014\u00a0as\u00a0John Hart Ely, a Yale Law School Professor, seemed to say when he\u00a0wrote<\/a>\u00a0in 1973, “The Court’s response here is simply not adequate. It agrees, indeed it holds, that after the point of viability (a concept it fails to note will become even less clear than it is now as the technology of birth continues to develop) the interest in protecting the fetus is compelling. Exactly why that is the magic moment is not made clear….”<\/p>\n

Likewise, “In recent decades, advances in care before and after birth have permitted larger percentages of preterm infants to survive at progressively earlier points in gestation…”\u00a0Beck wrote.\u00a0“The change in viability statistics over time highlights one of the unfortunate consequences of using viability, a concept developed for medical purposes, as the basis for determining an individual’s legal status under the Constitution.”<\/p>\n

How did Roe decide viability?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

In his book “Defenders of the Unborn,” author Daniel K. Williams points out that Blackmun recognized, \u201cAt some point during pregnancy\u2026 the state might have a ‘compelling interest’ in protecting fetal life.”<\/p>\n

“He was not sure though where that was,\u201d Williams wrote.<\/p>\n

Blackmun originally\u00a0set the cutoff at end of the first trimester, or first 13 weeks of pregnancy, wrote<\/a>\u00a0Journalist Bob Woodward who\u00a0reviewed<\/a>\u00a0correspondence between the Justices on the subject.\u00a0\u201cThis is arbitrary,” Woodward quoted Blackmun as claiming.<\/p>\n

“But perhaps any other selected point, such as quickening or viability (of the fetus), is equally arbitrary,\u201d Blackmun wrote, according to Woodward.<\/p>\n

\u201cBlackmun\u2019s use of the term ‘arbitrary’ was unusual even in a confidential memo, according to half a dozen legal experts who were read portions of the Roe memos,”\u00a0Woodward pointed out.\u00a0“None of these experts could recall reading such a statement in internal communications among the justices or published court opinions.”<\/p>\n

Blackmun’s 13-week line received pushback from other Justices, according to the memos Woodward reviewed.<\/p>\n

Justices Thurgood Marshall and Lewis Powell advocated \u201cdrawing the line at viability\u2026” or the time when the preborn child could survive on her own outside the womb,\u00a0Williams claimed.\u00a0Marshall\u2019s concern over Blackmun\u2019s \u201cend of thirteen weeks\u201d line seemed to have little to do with actual science but leaned more toward allowing women additional time to make the decision to have an abortion.\u00a0\u201cBlackmun changed the opinion somewhat to accommodate Marshall\u2019s concerns, saying that after approximately the first trimester, the states could regulate abortion to protect the health of the mother,\u201d wrote Woodward.<\/p>\n

Blackmun eventually compromised and settled on the end of the second trimester, or 24 weeks.<\/p>\n

Viability was political, not scientific<\/strong><\/p>\n

“The viability rule that the Court debuted in Roe did not originate as a legal standard,” Beck pointed out<\/a>. “Indeed, Justice Blackmun borrowed the concept of viability from the medical community<\/a>,” he added.<\/p>\n

According to Forsythe, the Justices\u2019 adoption of “viability\u201d had nothing to do with law or safety.\u00a0Calling the Court’s rationale \u201ccareless,\u201d Forsythe described it as nothing less than a \u201cpragmatic motivation of expanding the time allowances in pregnancy for abortions.\u201d<\/p>\n

Geoffrey R. Stone, then-Dean of the University of Chicago Law School, agreed,\u00a0telling<\/a> the Washington Post in 1989, \u201cEveryone in the Supreme Court, all the justices, all the law clerks knew it was \u2018legislative\u2019 or \u2018arbitrary.’\u201d<\/p>\n

States have an interest in protecting the previable human<\/strong><\/p>\n

In her Dobbs<\/em> brief, AG Fitch argues that a state has an interest in protecting previable life and therefore the “viability rule” is not based on the Constitution. “The unprincipled nature of a viability rule harms the Judiciary…” the AG wrote.\u00a0“A viability rule makes constitutionally decisive such factors as the state of medicine and a woman\u2019s proximity and access to sufficient medical care.”<\/p>\n

“No matter what a State learns \u2014 about fetal pain, about when unborn life takes on the human form, about women\u2019s health, about what effect performing abortions has on doctors \u2014 the State cannot fully act on that knowledge before viability,” the AG wrote, stating\u00a0Roe<\/em> and Casey<\/em>‘s “defense of a viability-based regime is circular and without substance.”<\/p>\n

“A viability rule erects an arbitrary line that produces arbitrary results. That cannot stand from the Branch that must act based on principle…” Fitch states, concluding that, “There is no persuasive reason for a viability rule.”<\/p>\n

\u201cLike\u201d Live Action News on Facebook<\/a>\u00a0for more pro-life news and commentary!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Supreme Court has acknowledged that a “fetus is a\u00a0living organism while within the womb before and after viability,” argues\u00a0Mississippi Attorney General Lynn Fitch in her recently submitted\u00a0brief\u00a0in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization case. Therefore, the AG writes,\u00a0“A viability rule has no constitutional basis, it harms state interests, and it produces other severe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":303,"featured_media":222958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[12001,6927,11997,11999,9367,770,11996,11998,197,12000,666],"yoast_head":"\nLegal experts say viability rule in abortion law was a political decision, not a science-based one<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Clarke Forsythe described it as nothing less than a \u201cpragmatic motivation of expanding the time allowances in pregnancy for abortions.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legal experts say viability rule in abortion law was a political decision, not a science-based one\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Clarke Forsythe described it as nothing less than a \u201cpragmatic motivation of expanding the time allowances in pregnancy for abortions.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Live Action News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/liveaction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-20T21:46:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-21T21:43:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/GettyImages-517285688-18-week-fetus.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1191\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Carole Novielli\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/CaroleNovielli\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@liveaction\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Carole Novielli\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Carole Novielli\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/81ff4ca810d98b0b5b376a640452d9e6\"},\"headline\":\"Legal experts say viability rule in abortion law was a political decision, not a science-based one\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-20T21:46:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-21T21:43:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/legal-experts-viability-abortion-constitutional\/\"},\"wordCount\":1082,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/archive.liveaction.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"arbitrary viability rule\",\"Clarke Forsythe\",\"constitutional law\",\"Daniel K. 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